Reflections on 20th Anniversary of the Signing of the Ottawa Charter
De: Social Determinants of Health [mailto:SDOH@YORKU.CA] Em nome de Brian Fleming
Enviada em: quarta-feira, 22 de novembro de 2006 00:29
Para: SDOH@YORKU.CA
Assunto: Reflections on 20th Anniversary of the Signing of the Ottawa Charter
Certainly the Ottawa Charter included strong equity principles. However, while the 1978 Declaration of Alma Ata resulted from the participation of developing nations, only industrialised countries attended the First International Conference on Health Promotion in 1986, which resulted in the Ottawa Charter.
In the interim, the idea of ‘lifestyle’ and its impact on health became prominent and ‘lifestyle’ took distinctly different forms in Anglophone and non-Anglophone countries. A WHO European publication in 1985 devoted a chapter to lifestyle but emphasised ‘structural influences on behaviour’, … where Anglophone countries tended to emphasise individuals. (Canada?) . So, where in Alma Ata there is a framework called Primary Health Care, this is replaced by Health Promotion in 1986. By 1997 the Jakarta Declaration refers to lifestyle as a characteristic of the person and the conference was attended by a health promotion workforce which is overwhelmingly individualist in practice, if not in ideals.
I think the drift to an individualist orientation of ‘health promotion’ in Anglophone countries was assisted by the separation of developed countries from developing countries, in international health conferences. In retrospect, Ottawa marks the point. Separating from developing countries assumes a threshold model of material circumstances' impact on health that developed countries have passed, which is contradicted by familiar evidence from states/ countries like Kerala, Cuba etc. This underlying assumption is at odds with the evidence of a social gradient in health in all countries.
Brian Fleming
Adelaide
Enviada em: quarta-feira, 22 de novembro de 2006 00:29
Para: SDOH@YORKU.CA
Assunto: Reflections on 20th Anniversary of the Signing of the Ottawa Charter
Certainly the Ottawa Charter included strong equity principles. However, while the 1978 Declaration of Alma Ata resulted from the participation of developing nations, only industrialised countries attended the First International Conference on Health Promotion in 1986, which resulted in the Ottawa Charter.
In the interim, the idea of ‘lifestyle’ and its impact on health became prominent and ‘lifestyle’ took distinctly different forms in Anglophone and non-Anglophone countries. A WHO European publication in 1985 devoted a chapter to lifestyle but emphasised ‘structural influences on behaviour’, … where Anglophone countries tended to emphasise individuals. (Canada?) . So, where in Alma Ata there is a framework called Primary Health Care, this is replaced by Health Promotion in 1986. By 1997 the Jakarta Declaration refers to lifestyle as a characteristic of the person and the conference was attended by a health promotion workforce which is overwhelmingly individualist in practice, if not in ideals.
I think the drift to an individualist orientation of ‘health promotion’ in Anglophone countries was assisted by the separation of developed countries from developing countries, in international health conferences. In retrospect, Ottawa marks the point. Separating from developing countries assumes a threshold model of material circumstances' impact on health that developed countries have passed, which is contradicted by familiar evidence from states/ countries like Kerala, Cuba etc. This underlying assumption is at odds with the evidence of a social gradient in health in all countries.
Brian Fleming
Adelaide
posted by Aloyzio Achutti at 7:50 AM
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